Mesopotamia
Contents
INTRODUCTION
1. Eras of Mesopotamia
2. Society and Economy
3. Culture
4. History
Kingdoms
Native federations or kingdoms beyond the city-state
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Sumer
Akkad
Babylonia
Mitanni
Assyria
--- Peoples
Kassites
Amorites
Kings
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Eannatum
Lugalzagesi
Sargon
Assyrian kings (list)
Adad-nirari 1
Shalmaneser 1
Tukulti-Ninurta 1
Tiglath-Pileser 1
Ashurnasirpal 2
Shalmaneser 3
Tiglath-Pileser 3
Shalmaneser 5
Sargon...
Umm Kulthum
Arabic: 'umm kulthūm
Other spellings: Oum, Omm; Kalsoum, Kalthum, Kalthoum, Kolthoum
Incorrect spellings: Khalthoum
Music example
Fakarouni (live, unknown date)
(Tamayya z-Zahira, Dakhliyya 1904- Cairo 1975) Egyptian singer and musician.
Umm Kulthum is the most popular and treasured...
Sargon
Mesopotamia / Kings /
Also commonly used: Sargon of Akkad and Sargon the Great
Akkad of Sargon
King of ancient Mesopotamia, reigning ca. 2334-2279 BCE, 55 years. His byname was Sargon of Akkad, the kingdom...
Masada
Ancient fortress and a national symbol for Israel.
Masada has a legendary status in Israeli mentality. Here the fight for Israeli and Jewish independence was...
PLO – Palestine Liberation Organization
Arabic: munazzamat 'at-tahrīr filistīnīya
The organization that has worked as the official representative for the Palestinian people, and is now the leading force of Palestine.
PLO is...
Fatimids
Arabic: 'al-fātimiyūn
Caliphs
Ubayd Allah
909-934
al-Qa'im
934-946
al-Mansur
946-953
al-Aziz
975-996
al-Hakim
996-1021
al-Zahir
1021-1036
al-Mustansir
1036-1094
al-Musta'li
1094-1101
al-Amir
1101-1130
al-Hafiz
1130-1149
al-Zafir
1149-1154
al-Fa'iz
1154-1160
al-Adid
1160-1171
Isma'ili Shi'i Islamic dynasty of caliphs, ruling over large parts of the Muslim world from the early 10th century until the late 12th century.
The Fatimids claimed to be descendants...
Saddam Hussein
Arabic: saddām hussayn
Saddam Hussein during the trials that ended with a death penalty.
A younger Saddam Hussein, demonstrating his strength and vigour, about to swim across the Euphrates river.
(1937-2006)...
United Arab Emirates History Timeline
History
The earliest traces of settlement in the UAE region goes back to the 6th millennium BCE, the people being herders and craftsmen.
Middle 3rd millennium:...
Ottoman Empire – Rise and fall, explanations
Contents
INTRODUCTION
1. Organization
2. Rulers
3. Demography and Culture
4. Rise and Fall: Explanations
5. History
Ottoman Empire: The Topkapi palace in Istanbul.
While it is difficult to find exact reasons for the rise of the...
Tigris
Arabic: dijla
Turkish: Dicle
Tigris river. Photo: Cordaiy Photo Library Ltd./Corbis,
Tigris river through central Baghdad.
River of the Middle East, 1,850 km long. It begins in Turkey, 432 km, forms...